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High blood pressure FAQs

What is blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the lateral pressure that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels when it flows in the blood vessels. The excessive elevation of the pressure in the arteries is characteristic of disease. Blood pressure is represented by the value measured by a sphygmomanometer at the upper arm (i.e. on the brachial artery) and expressed in units of mm Hg or kPa. The blood pressure we spesk of in our everyday life may cover systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure denotes the lateral pressure that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels at the time when the heart contracts, while the diastolic pressure denotes the lateral pressure that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels at the time when the heart relaxes. If the doctor writes down the blood pressure as 120/80 mm Hg, then 120 mm Hg is the systolic pressure and 80 mm Hg is the diastolic pressure.

What are the criteria for blood pressure?

The systolic pressure for a normal adult should be less than or equal to 140 mm Hg (18.6 kPa) and the diastolic pressure should be less than or equal to 90 mm Hg (12kPa). If for an adult the systolic pressure is greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg (21.3 kPa) and the diastolic pressure is greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg (12.6 kPa), he/she has high blood pressure. If the values of blood pressure are between the two ranges mentioned above; namely the systolic pressure is between 141 and 159 mm Hg (18.9 and 21.2 kPa) and the diastolic pressure is between 91 and 94 mm Hg (12.1 and 12.5 kPa), he/she has critical high blood pressure.

How is high blood pressure diagnosed?

For diagnosis of high blood pressure, a person’s blood pressure has to be measured many times. The diagnosis of high blood pressure can be made only when the average value of diastolic pressure of at least two successive measurements are at or above 90 mm Hg (12.0 kPa). The rise of blood pressure to or above that value for a single time cannot be taken as a sure basis for making that diagnosis, but should serve as the reason for making further investigations.